Dementia is one of the greatest medical and social challenges of our time. In Greece alone it is estimated that there are more than 140,000 patients with dementia. This number is expected to increase further in the coming years due to the increase in average life expectancy. While there is still no treatment that can stop the course of the disease, most clinicians agree that improving the quality of life of patients and reducing the negative consequences of caring for those who provide it are the central aims of dementia care. There are few studies in our country that treat these two concepts. The main objectives of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients with dementia and caregiver burden, as well as finding the factors that impact on a sample of Greek population. The results of this study should prove particularly useful, as the need to set priorities in dealing with dementia is high and specialized services for dementia are now deployed in our country. Dementia care in Greece differs from other countries in that the vast majority of patients, more than 95%, receive care in the community from family members. The study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional survey study and correlation, which used multiple methods of data collection and analysis. Study participants were a consecutive series of consenting 161 patient-caregiver couples who visited a Dementia Clinic between May 2007 and April 2008. Demographic factors were collected and clinical characteristics (cognitive, functional and behavioral) assessed using validated scales. QOL was measured by the ADRQL, a 47 item proxy-rated, dementia-specific QOL instrument. Regarding caregivers, demographic data were collected, depressive symptoms were rated on the Greek version of the Center of Epidemiological Studies and caregiver burden was assessed on the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Many patient and caregiver factors were associated with the quality of life and caregiver burden, but the results of multivariate analyses are more important. The final model predicting ADRQL consists of seven independent factors: patient’s depressive and behavioural symptoms, Basic Activities of Daily Living, cognitive status, antipsychotic treatment, caregiver being an adult child and caregiver’s burden. This model could explain 59.8% of the variance of ADRQL, with neuropsychiatric problems in dementia being the most important predictive factor. Regarding Caregiver Burden, the final multivariate model revealed four independent predictors of burden: behavioral problems in dementia, vascular dementia, caregiver’s health problems and the use of antipsychotics, explaining a total of only 24.4 of the variability of the ZBI. The main conclusion of this study is the need for further study of the quality of life of patients and caregiver burden in the Greek population. While carrying out this study, it became apparent to all participants that measuring QOL is an excellent way of exploring a patient’s everyday life and focusing in its important aspects. QOL measurement in dementia must not only be included in clinical trials but should also be included, as a standard measurement tool, in every day clinical practice. Contrary to what many believe, patients with dementia have quality in their lives, which is associated with many patient and caregiver factors. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were the most important predictor of quality of life in dementia and the need to improve their management is urgent. Dementia causes a severe burden on careers and health professionals should explore the psychological consequences of caring for those who provide it. Caregiver burden is only partially explained by the factors investigated in this study