There are several important nutritional and life-style parameters that have a great impact on arterial ageing that, in turn, may lead to the development and progression of cardiovascular and other diseases. Two of the most important life-style parameters with detrimental effects on arterial ageing are smoking– including passive smoking and mental stress. Concerning the effects of dietary habits on arterial properties, alcohol is considered a significant factor that affect endothelial function. It is widely known that red wine and beer exert favorable effects on arterial ageing, but alcohol consumption in general may have beneficial effects when consumed at low to moderate doses, or unfavorable at high doses through mechanisms related to nitric oxide and endothelin 1 secretion, as well oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, fat quality is of major importance, since saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids have been indirectly investigated through the “Western” and the “Mediterranean” diet respectively. Nonetheless, the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, either as diet components or as nutritional supplements have beneficial effects on the structural and functional vascular properties.