Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic has affected people and organizations multispectrively. The Elderly Care Units could not be exceptions, as they were faced with deficiencies in their sources and also opportunities offered by the pandemic. The changes in the daily continuum of their operations and the day-to-day care of their beneficiaries were self-evident since the pandemic, as a sudden threat to public health, resulting in the absolute observance of protection measures against the spread of the virus and the obligation of vaccination. All these consequenced the appearance of Covid-19-related fear and became a burden on the mental health of employees of E.C.U.s Purpose: The purpose of this research is to present all the changes in the administrative and operational daily life of the Elderly Care Units of the Prefecture of Achaia, as they emerged from the Covid-19 pandemic. Particular emphasis is placed on the absolute need to protect their beneficiary populations and on the well-being of their employees. Methodology: In order to achieve the aforementioned purpose and to answer 14 relevant research questions, a mixed research process was followed, by conducting both primary research, in the form of quantitative research, and secondary research, in the form of literature review. Two (2) self-administered questionnaires were also prepared to conduct the primary research. The first was addressed by the ECU’s managers of the Prefecture and was created to identify the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the multifaceted daily life of these entities. The second was addressed by all the employees of the ECUs, aiming to identify their fear, anxiety, and depression level, related to Covid-19. Results: The vast majority of the sample were women (71%), with 29% being men. Most of the participants, members of the ECU staff, were aged from 31 to 50 years (67%). One in four participants were high school graduates (25%). 39% were graduates of higher education. 37.5% of the staff who participated in the study were nurses and nursing assistants. The sample had a moderate level of fear of the Covid-19 pandemic, and agreed that they felt insecure about the coronavirus, but disagreed that they had trouble sleeping or sweating their hands because they were worried about being infected with the coronavirus. In addition, fear of the Covid-19 pandemic was statistically significant and strongly correlated with a generalized anxiety disorder (rho = 0.72, p 0.01) and depression (rho = 0.52, p 0.01). a statistically significant predictor of the severity of generalized anxiety disorder, where a one-unit increase in pandemic fear corresponded to a large 0.71-point increase in anxiety level, while a one-unit increase in pandemic fears corresponded to a large increase in pandemic fear. 0.60 points in the severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: It is also confirmed by Greek data that the elderly, as a frail population, with several individuals with a lack of self-care and limited access to telemedicine services, were heavily affected by Covid-19. Acute cases of the disease, long- and post-Covid syndromes are the result of the virus's impact on the elderly of the third and fourth age, as evidenced by the number of epidemiological indexes utilized during the pandemic to measure the disease’s complications upon the elderly. Simultaneously, the fear, anxiety, and depression that accompany the Covid-19 pandemic are part of the reality of ECU workers. Recognizing the characteristics of the beneficiary populations and the possibilities that crises, such as the pandemic, can bring is what ultimately counts in the establishment of long-term goals of sustainable development for the ECUs to eventually add value to their provided services. Keywords: Secondary Care, Covid-19, Elderly Care Units, Fear, Pandemic, Prefecture of Achaia

A lifelong learning perspective can enhance our understanding of the various competencies acquired over the lifespan, how they interact and, most importantly, how they are likely to contribute to improvements in individual and population health, a reduction in health disparities, potential monetary gains in governments that promote health education and health promotion, and intergenerational gains for overall health. Regarding the ageing population, the defined age groups include the young old (60-75), the old (75-85) and the oldest old (85 and older). Aspects of chronic health issues are highlighted in the context of the groups addressed in this chapter (for chronic disease and health literacy, see Chapter 12, this volume). The aim of this chapter is to address perspectives and related health literacy interventions with a particular focus on ageing, death and dying issues. Health literacy is seen beyond an individual-level issue, as a social or community- level issue. How we define ‘ageing’ or use language to address the concepts of disease, the challenges faced by caretakers and the overall grief and bereavement process at the end of life is emphasised.

Ethical concerns for limiting treatment and end-of-life decisions. Interesting for health and care professionals

The purpose of this review is to quote legal and moral issues that arise in connection with death.

The purpose of this paper is to present the opinion of long-term caregivers of demented relatives about when "we" should die. The conclusion was that experienced long-term carers of severely dementia incapacitated  relatives consider a critera for a  mature/ ripe  death to be  "non-self-handling" and "when no future exists". At least two-thirds consider that those they  care for die after their time  and with the exception of one carer, who avoided answering, everyone expressed the opinion that they would want to die earlier than those they care for if they were in their place. It is speculated that a statistically representative sample of caregivers from across the country would give similar answers; however, a well-designed quantitative study is needed to substantiate or reject this conjecture.

We mortals. Interesting for the public

In this book, Atul Gawande combines human stories with his personal wandering in the field of geriatrics and organized care for the elderly, looking for options that will ensure a life of self-sufficiency, joy and dignity. It is a search that is persistent, sincere and deeply moving.

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